Buddhism

Samatha and Vipassana

The two wings of meditation: calm settling, and clear seeing.

Buddhist meditation has two complementary halves, usually grown together.

Samatha is calm abiding, the cultivation of stillness: gathering the scattered mind onto a single object until it settles and grows quiet. It is the Buddhist name for what yoga calls chitta vritti nirodhah, the stilling of the mind's fluctuations.

Vipassana is insight, clear seeing: once the water is still, looking into it, into the three marks of impermanence, unsatisfactoriness, and no-self.

Stillness makes seeing possible; seeing is what stillness is for. In this framework the two are applied as concentration on Dharana and as inquiry on Dhyana.